Modern physics has many errors.  The primary reason for these errors is the incomplete understanding of the nature of charges.  In the APM, there are two distinct, quantifiable types of charges; the electrostatic charge, and the magnetic charge.  Due to the misunderstanding in mainstream physics, the nature of current is not properly understood.

The electrostatic charge is exactly as the name implies, it is static.  When a balloon or other spherical surface accumulates electrons or positive ions, it builds up electrostatic charge.  Electrostatic charge is appropriately represented by the plus (+) and minus (-) signs.

Charge is not some kind of separate existing point particle.  It is a property of nature similar to the properties of length, time, and mass.  Electrons may possess the property of charge, but the property of charge is not necessarily associated with an electron.  As such, the electron has two distinctly different types of charges; one of which is called magnetic charge.

The magnetic charge relates to the electrostatic charge, but they operate independently.  Magnetic (also called electromagnetic and strong) charge is the carrier of the strong force, whereas electrostatic charge is the carrier of the electrostatic force.  When static charge builds up, it is because electrons (or other charged particles) are accumulating at a single location and building potential.  When the potential releases, the moving electrons then flow according to their magnetic charge.  It is because of the magnetic charge of electrons that flowing electrons (current) produces magnetic fields.

The concept of electrons moving due to their magnetic polarities is not new.  Ed Leedskalnin first wrote about this mechanics in 1945.  When current flows through a wire, it is the magnetic charge of the electrons that provides the force.  As the electrons accumulate in some place in the circuit, such as in the dielectric of a capacitor, the electrostatic charge builds potential.

The Hall effect, electromagnetic radiation, current, resistance, and nearly every unit involving the dimension of charge actually operates due to the magnetic force between particles (not the electrostatic force).  Only one unit, the unit of magnetic moment, involves both magnetic charge and electrostatic charge.  It is because of the tug between the electrostatic charge and the magnetic charge within a subatomic particle that the particle wobbles and creates its magnetic moment.

A proper understanding of electricity requires the understanding of the two distinct and quantifiable types of charges.  Only by understanding the relationship of magnetic currents and electrostatic buildup in circuits will we truly understand how electricity works.

In a recent communication from Prof. Masood Sanati, he asked me to provide the APM correction to a current density equation.  As I was responding to him that the Standard Model provides two different definitions to the unit of current density, I had significant insights into the proper quantification of particles.

Max Planck provided us with the electron's angular momentum constant, which commonly represents as h.

$$h = 6.626 \times {10^{ - 34}}\frac{{kg \cdot {m^2}}}{{sec}}$$

The unit of current is commonly represented as charge per time.  In the APM, current represents as:

$$curr = 1.729 \times {10^{ - 31}}\frac{{cou{l^2}}}{{sec}}$$

Current defines as the quantity of charge passing a given area, yet there are no length dimensions in the unit of current.